Presenting Author: Syed I. Khalid, MD – University of Illinois at Chicago

Co-Author: Syed I. Khalid, MD – University of Illinois at Chicago

Co-Author: Elie Massaad, MD MSc – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: John H. Shin, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Presenting Author: Juliana C. Capp, MD (she/her/hers) – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Michelle Clarke, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Benjamin Elder, MD, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Jeremy Fogelson, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Brett Freedman, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Abdelrahman M. Hamouda, MBBCh – Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Mohammed Karim, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Roman Kowalchuk, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: William Krauss, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Nikita Lakomkin, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Kenneth Merrell, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Anthony L. Mikula, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Ahmad N. Nassr, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Zachary Pennington, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Peter Rose, MD – Mayo Clinic Rochester

Co-Author: Arjun S. Sebastian, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Presenting Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – New York University, Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: peter S. Tretiakov, BS – NYU Langone Health

Moderator: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Moderator: Eve Tsai, MD, PhD – University of Ottawa

Moderator: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Speaker: Brenton Pennicooke, MD, MS – Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine

Speaker: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Speaker: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Speaker: Michael P. Steinmetz, MD – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Speaker: Lee A. Tan, MD (he/him/his) – UCSF Medical Center

Speaker: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Speaker: Paul McCormick, MD – Columbia

Speaker: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Speaker: Ilya Laufer, MD – NYU Langone Department of Neurosurgery

Speaker: Frank La Marca

Speaker: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Speaker: Tyler Koski, MD – Northwestern Medicine

Speaker: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Speaker: Peter Angevine, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Columbia University

Speaker: John H. Shin, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Moderator: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Moderator: Victor Chang, MD (he/him/his) – Henry Ford Hospital

Moderator: Michael P. Steinmetz, MD – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Moderator: Lee A. Tan, MD (he/him/his) – UCSF Medical Center

Moderator: Aruna Ganju, MD (she/her/hers) – Northwestern University

Moderator: Lee A. Tan, MD (he/him/his) – UCSF Medical Center

Moderator: Aruna Ganju, MD (she/her/hers) – Northwestern University

Speaker: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Presenting Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – New York University, Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: Ankita Das, BS – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: pooja Dave, BS – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – New York University, Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: Daniel Sciubba, M.D., M.B.A. – Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health

Co-Author: peter S. Tretiakov, BS – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – New York University, Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: Ankita Das, BS – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: pooja Dave, BS – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Daniel Sciubba, M.D., M.B.A. – Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health

Co-Author: peter S. Tretiakov, BS – NYU Langone Health

Speaker: James S. Harrop, MD – Jefferson Medical College

Presenting Author: Aaradhya Pant – Stanford University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Dhiraj Pangal, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Medicine

Co-Author: Ethan Schonfeld, MS – Stanford University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Aaryan Shah, n/a – Stanford University

Co-Author: Anand Veeravagu, MD (he/him/his) – Stanford University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Kelly H. Yoo, MD, PhD (she/her/hers) – Stanford University School of Medicine

Presenting Author: James Dragonette, MD – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Ammar Alsalahi, MD – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Peter Bono, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Daniel Carr, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Clifford Houseman, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Jacob Jasinski, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Prashant Kelkar, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Heather Lucke, MS – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Boyd Richards, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Teck Soo, MD – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Doris Tong, MD – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: Karim R. Nathani, MBBS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Ahmed Noor – Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College

Co-Author: Ikhlas Ahmed, n/a – Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College

Co-Author: Sheikh Mohammad Ahmed, n/a – Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College

Co-Author: Aabiya Arif, n/a – Ziauddin Medical College

Co-Author: Usama Choudry, MBBS, MRCS – Queens Medical Centre

Co-Author: Minza Haque, n/a (she/her/hers) – Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College

Co-Author: Saad Akhtar Khan, MBBS, FCPS, FEBNS, FACS, MRCPS – Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College

Co-Author: Roua Nasir, MBBS – Aga Khan University Hospital

Co-Author: Muhammad Saad Pasha, n/a – Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College

Presenting Author: Julie G. Pilitsis, MD, PhD, MBA – University of Arizona

Co-Author: Deepak Berwal, PhD – FAU

Co-Author: John Dalfino, n/a

Co-Author: Marisa DiMarizo, PhD – FAU

Co-Author: Tessa Harland

Co-Author: Yohannes Iyassu, n/a

Co-Author: Bryan McLaughlin, n/a

Co-Author: Steven Paniccioli

Co-Author: Alejandra Quintero

Co-Author: Ilknur Telkes, Ph.D., M.S. – FAU

Presenting Author: Rajkishen Narayanan, MD – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Michael McCurdy, MD (he/him/his) – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Jose Canseco, MD, PhD – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University

Co-Author: Mina Ebrahimi, BS – Drexel University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Alan S. Hilibrand, MD – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Christopher Kepler, MD, MBA – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Akshay Khanna, BS – Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University

Co-Author: Yunsoo Lee, MD – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Gregory Schroeder, MD – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Delano Trenchfield, BS – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Alexander Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University

Speaker: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Presenting Author: Devender Singh, PhD – Ascension Texas Spine and Scoliosis

Co-Author: Ashley Duncan, RN – Ascension Texas Spine and Scoliosis

Co-Author: Matthew Geck, MD – Ascension Texas Spine and Scoliosis

Co-Author: Cortney Matthews, BS – Dell Medical School at University of Texas at Austin Department of Neurological Surgery

Co-Author: John Stokes, MD – Ascension Texas Spine and Scoliosis

Co-Author: Eeric Truumees, MD – Ascension Texas Spine and Scoliosis

Presenting Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Jacob Birlingmair, MD – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Leah Carreon, MD, MSc – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Mladen Djurasovic, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Vivian P. Le, MPH – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Geoffrey R. O'Malley, Jr. – Hackensack-Meridian School of Medicine

Co-Author: David Adams, n/a – Hackensack-Meridian School of Medicine

Co-Author: Nicholas D. Cassimatis, n/a – Hackensack-Meridian School of Medicine

Co-Author: Ira Goldstein, MD – Hackensack University Medical Center

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Sean Munier, MD – Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Nitesh V. Patel, MD – Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Patrick Pema, n/a – Hackensack-Meridian School of Medicine

Co-Author: Syed A. Sarwar, B.A. – Hackensack-Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Paxton Sweeney, n/a – Hackensack-Meridian School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Daniel Zeitouni, MD (he/him/his) – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Oren N. Gottfried, MD – Duke University

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Sufyan Ibrahim, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Sarah E. Johnson, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Luis M. Tumialan, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina

Co-Author: Juan Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Zachary Pennington, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Maria Astudillo Potes, BS (she/her/hers) – Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine

Co-Author: Aladine A. Elsamadicy, MD – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jeremy Fogelson, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Andrew Grossbach, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Nikita Lakomkin, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Anthony L. Mikula, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Presenting Author: Miriam Shao, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, North Shore University Hospital

Co-Author: Harshal A. Shah, BS – Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell

Co-Author: Danielle Golub, MD, MSCI – Department of Neurosurgery, North Shore University Hospital

Co-Author: Michael Lefkowitz, MD, FAANS, FACS – Department of Neurosurgery, Cohens Children's Medical Center

Co-Author: Brandon A. Santhumayor, BA – NYU Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven Schneider, MD, FAANS, FACS, FAAP – Department of Neurosurgery, Cohen Children's Medical Center

Speaker: David O. Okonkwo, MD, PhD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Presenting Author: Emily Feng, B.S. – Drexel University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Nishantha M. Jayasuriya, BA – Drexel University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Brett Freedman, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Sufyan Ibrahim, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Graham W. Johnson, PhD – Vanderbilt University

Co-Author: Karim R. Nathani, MBBS – Mayo Clinic

Moderator: Lee A. Tan, MD (he/him/his) – UCSF Medical Center

Moderator: Aruna Ganju, MD (she/her/hers) – Northwestern University

Speaker: Luis M. Tumialán, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Presenting Author: Eunice Yang, BS (she/her/hers) – Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Oren N. Gottfried, MD – Duke University

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Scott Meyer, MD – Altair Health

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Luis M. Tumialan, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina

Co-Author: Juan Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Ishav Shukla, B.S. – UT Southwestern

Co-Author: Mazin Al Tamimi, MD – UT Southwestern

Co-Author: Salah G. Aoun, MD – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Sruja Arya, BS, BA – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Faraaz A. Azam, BS (he/him/his) – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Ali Ebada, BS – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Farid, BSE (he/him/his) – Weill Cornell Medicine

Co-Author: Kristen Hall, MBA – UT Southwestern

Co-Author: Matthew Johnson, BS – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Sukul Mittal, BS (she/her/hers) – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Ishav Shukla, B.S. – UT Southwestern

Co-Author: Naasik Syed, BS – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Presenting Author: Helen Karimi, BA, MA, MS, CNIM (she/her/hers) – Tufts University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Nicholas S. Hernandez, MD (he/him/his) – University of California, San Diego

Co-Author: Matthew Kanter, MS – Tufts University School of Medicine

Co-Author: James Kryzanski, MD – Tufts Medical Center

Co-Author: Penny Liu, MD – Tufts Medical Center

Co-Author: Michelle Olmos, BA (she/her/hers) – Tufts University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jainith Patel, BS (he/him/his) – Tufts University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Ron Riesenburger, MD – Tufts Medical Center

Co-Author: Rachel Silver, PhD, MPH – Tufts University School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Ahmed Doomi, MD (he/him/his) – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Amir H. Faraji, MD, PhD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Aditya Gupta, n/a – Texas A&M School of Medicine

Co-Author: Taimur Hassan, MPH, MBA – Texas A&M School of Medicine

Co-Author: Meng Huang, MD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Robert McManus, BS – Texas A&M School of Engineering Medicine

Co-Author: Khaled M. Taghlabi, MD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Raiyan Talukder, BS (he/him/his) – Texas A&M School of Engineering Medicine

Speaker: John H. Shin, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Presenting Author: Ashley R. Ricciardelli, BA (she/her/hers) – Baylor College of Medicine

Co-Author: Adrish Anand, BS – Baylor College of Medicine

Co-Author: Sai Chilakapati, MD – Baylor College of Medicine Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Patrick Cotton, MD – Baylor College of Medicine Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Collin English, BS – Baylor College of Medicine

Co-Author: Alex Flores, MD – Baylor College of Medicine Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Oz Haim, MD – Baylor College of Medicine Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Naser Jaleel, MD PhD – Baylor College of Medicine Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Marc A. Prablek, MD – Baylor College of Medicine Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Omar Tanweer, MD – Baylor College of Medicine Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: John Pollina, MD – University at Buffalo Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: Mohamed AR Soliman, MD – University of Buffalo

Co-Author: Ahmed Elbayomy, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurological surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison

Co-Author: Ali Khan, BS – University at Buffalo Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Asham Khan, MD – University at Buffalo Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Jeffrey Mullin, MD – University of Buffalo

Co-Author: Esteban Quiceno Restrepo, MD – University at Buffalo Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: Tsung-Hsi Tu, MD, Ph.D (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital

Co-Author: Chao-Hung Kuo – Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Co-Author: Yi-Hsuan Kuo, M.D. – Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital

Co-Author: Chu-Yi Lee, M.D. – Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare

Co-Author: Jau-Ching David Wu, n/a (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital

Presenting Author: Michael Farid, BSE (he/him/his) – Weill Cornell Medicine

Co-Author: Omar Akbik, MD – Creighton University Medical Center

Co-Author: Salah G. Aoun, MD – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Carlos A. Bagley, MD,MBA – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Umaru Barrie, PhD – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Mina Guirguis, BS – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Kristen Hall, MBA – UT Southwestern

Co-Author: Shravya Kakulamarri, BA – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Emerson T. Lout, BS (he/him/his) – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Parker Smith, BS – UT Southwestern

Presenting Author: Abdul Karim Ghaith, MD – Mayo clinic- rochester-mn

Co-Author: Umberto Battistin, MBBS – Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Submitter: Abdul Karim Ghaith, MD – Mayo clinic- rochester-mn

Co-Author: Sung Huang Laurent Tsai, MD – Mayo Clinic Rochester

Moderator: John E. O'Toole, MD, MS – Rush University Medical Center

Moderator: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Presenting Author: Giorgio Fiore, MD (he/him/his) – Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

Co-Author: Giulio Andrea Bertani, n/a – Unit of Neurosurgery, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy;

Co-Author: Stefano Borsa, n/a – Unit of Neurosurgery, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy;

Co-Author: Giorgio Conte, n/a – Unit of Neuroradiology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy;

Co-Author: Marco Locatelli, n/a – Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;

Co-Author: Mauro Pluderi, n/a – Unit of Neurosurgery, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy;

Presenting Author: John J. Francis, BS (he/him/his) – Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Bilal Butt, MD – Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Co-Author: Jeremy Loss, n/a – Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Co-Author: Orlando Martinez, n/a – Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Derrick Obiri-Yeboah, n/a – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael P. Steinmetz, MD – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Presenting Author: Daniel Davidar, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Kimberly Ashayeri, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Meghana Bhimreddy, n/a – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Andrew M. Hersh, B.S. – John Hopkins Medical School

Co-Author: Kelly Jiang, n/a – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Max Kerensky, BS – Johns Hopkins

Co-Author: Arjun K. K. Menta, BSA, BBA (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Denis Routkevitch, BS – Johns Hopkins

Co-Author: Nicholas Theodore, MD, MS (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Vikas Vattipally, BA – Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Carly Weber-Levine, MS (she/her/hers) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Shawn Adams, MD – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Leah Carreon, MD, MSc – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Mladen Djurasovic, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Vivian P. Le, MPH – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Timothy J. Yee, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF

Co-Author: Vardhaan S. Ambati, MS – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Anthony M. DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Scott Meyer, MD – Altair Health

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Co-Author: Arati Patel, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Co-Author: Samer G. Zammar, MD, MBA, MPH (he/him/his) – University of California San Francisco

Presenting Author: Roxana Beladi, DO (she/her/hers) – Ascension Providence Hospital/Michigan State University

Co-Author: Ammar Alsalahi, MD – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Gustavo Anton, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Peter Bono, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Daniel Carr, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Clifford Houseman, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Prashant Kelkar, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Kristin Knickerbocker, BS (she/her/hers) – Michigan State University

Co-Author: Heather Lucke, MS – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Boyd Richards, DO – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Teck Soo, MD – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Doris Tong, MD – MSUCHM/Ascension Providence Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Ankita Das, BS – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: pooja Dave, BS – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Kimberly McFarland, BS – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – New York University, Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: peter S. Tretiakov, BS – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Joshua Chalif, MD PhD – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Sarah E. Blitz, n/a (she/her/hers) – Harvard Medical School

Co-Author: Rohan Jha, SB – Harvard Medical School

Co-Author: Yi Lu, MD PhD – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Alex Yearley, BS – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Presenting Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Ken Porche, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Giorgos D. Michalopoulos, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Michael D. White, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Daniel Davidar, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Andrew M. Hersh, B.S. – John Hopkins Medical School

Co-Author: Kelly Jiang, n/a – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Randall W. Porter, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Nicholas Theodore, MD, MS (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Carly Weber-Levine, MS (she/her/hers) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Armaan K. Malhotra, MD (he/him/his) – University of Toronto

Co-Author: Nicolas Dea, MD, MSc – Vancouver General Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Evaniew, MD, PhD – University of Calgary

Co-Author: CSORN Investigators, MD – Canadian Spine Outcomes Research Network

Co-Author: Jefferson Wilson, MD, PhD – University of Toronto

Presenting Author: Zoher Ghogawala, MD, FAANS, FACS – Lahey Hospital and Medical Center

Co-Author: Todd J. Albert, MD – Weill Cornell Medical College

Co-Author: Edward C. Benzel, MD – Cleveland Clinic

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Art Eleanore, MPH – Lahey Hospital and Medical Center

Co-Author: Asdrubal Falavigna, MD – University

Co-Author: Michael G. Fehlings, MD, PhD – University of Toronto

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: James S. Harrop, MD – Jefferson Medical College

Co-Author: Roger Hartl, MD – Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital - Och Spine

Co-Author: Langston T. Holly, MD – UCLA Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Adam S. Kanter, MD – Hoag Specialty Clinic

Co-Author: Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, MD – University

Co-Author: Subu Magge, MD – Tufts University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Paul McCormick, MD – Columbia

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: David W. Polly, Jr., MD – University of Minnesota

Co-Author: Venadatum rajshekar, MD – CMC Vellore

Co-Author: Daniel Resnick, MD (he/him/his) – University of Wisconsin

Co-Author: Michael P. Steinmetz, MD – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Co-Author: Luis M. Tumialan, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Co-Author: Robert Whitmore, MD – Tufts University School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Sunny H. Vansdadia, BS – The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix

Co-Author: Isabel L. Bauer, BS (she/her/hers) – University of Arizona College of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Phoenix AZ

Co-Author: Pooja Dhupati, MPH – University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix

Co-Author: Peter Nakaji, MD – University of Arizona College of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Phoenix AZ

Co-Author: Kristin Nosova, MD, MBA – 1University of Arizona College of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Phoenix AZ

Co-Author: Robert W. Bina, MD – University of Arizona College of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Phoenix AZ

Moderator: Lee A. Tan, MD (he/him/his) – UCSF Medical Center

Moderator: Aruna Ganju, MD (she/her/hers) – Northwestern University

Presenting Author: Vardhaan S. Ambati, MS – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Vardhaan S. Ambati, MS – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Anthony M. DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Oren N. Gottfried, MD – Duke University

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina

Co-Author: Juan Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Co-Author: Timothy J. Yee, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF

Moderator: Marjorie Wang, MD MPH (she/her/hers) – Medical College of Wisconsin

Moderator: Anthony M. DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Moderator: Khoi D. Than, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital

Speaker: Rory R. Mayer, MD – The University of Texas at Austin

Speaker: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Speaker: Laura Snyder, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Speaker: Luis M. Tumialán, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Speaker: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Speaker: Iain Kalfas, MD, FAANS – Cleveland Clinic

Presenting Author: Timothy J. Yee, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Anthony M. DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Sarah E. Johnson, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: David Liles, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Scott Meyer, MD – Altair Health

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Moderator: Khoi D. Than, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital

Moderator: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Presenting Author: Karim R. Nathani, MBBS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: James H. Mooney, MD – The University of Alabama at Birmingham

Co-Author: Hyun Bae, n/a – Cedars Sinai

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD, FAANS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Jason Cuellar, MD – Cedars Sinai

Co-Author: Ousman Jallow, n/a – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: J. Patrick Johnson, MD – Cedars Sinai

Co-Author: Michael Kropf, n/a – Cedars Sinai

Co-Author: Todd H. Lanman, MD, FAANS, FACS – Lanman Spinal Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Anil K. Mahavadi, M.D. – The University of Alabama at Birmingham

Co-Author: Mia Mazer, n/a – Cedars Sinai

Co-Author: Giorgos D. Michalopoulos, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: John Parish, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates

Co-Author: Rick Sasso, MD – Indiana Spine Group

Co-Author: Sheetal Vinayek, n/a – Indiana Spine Group

Co-Author: Corey T. Walker, MD (he/him/his) – Cedars Sinai

Presenting Author: Michael J. Visconti – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Vincent Alentado, M.D. – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Presenting Author: Sarah E. Johnson, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Oren N. Gottfried, MD – Duke University

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Konstantinos Katsos, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Scott Meyer, MD – Altair Health

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Luis M. Tumialan, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Nora Kim, MD – NYU

Co-Author: Zoran Budimlija, Dr. Med, PhD – NYU Langone

Co-Author: Austin Feng, MD – NYU Langone

Co-Author: Darryl Lau, MD – NYU Langone

Co-Author: Christopher Livia, MD/PhD – NYU Langone

Co-Author: Themistocles Protopsaltis, MD – NYU Langone

Co-Author: Karl Sangwon, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Speaker: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Moderator: Zoher Ghogawala, MD, FAANS, FACS – Lahey Hospital and Medical Center

Moderator: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Moderator: Charles Sansur, MD, MHSc – University of Maryland Medical Center

Moderator: Zoher Ghogawala, MD, FAANS, FACS – Lahey Hospital and Medical Center

Speaker: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Speaker: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Speaker: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Speaker: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Speaker: Nima Alan, MD – UCSF

Speaker: Ziya L. Gokaslan, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Lifespan Health System

Speaker: Mark Bilsky, MD – Memorial Sloan Kettering Department of Neurosurgery

Speaker: John E. O'Toole, MD, MS – Rush University Medical Center

Speaker: Theresa Williamson, MD, MPH (she/her/hers) – MGH

Speaker: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Speaker: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina

Speaker: Clifford Crutcher, MD

Speaker: Clifford Crutcher, MD

Speaker: Daniel Lubelski, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Speaker: Brian Kwon, MD, PhD, FRCSC – University of British Columbia

Speaker: Sanjay S. Dhall, MD – Harbor UCLA Medical Center