Therapeutic potential of interventions that promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease: A mini-review

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the predominant age-related dementia, characterised by progressive memory loss and cognitive disturbances, primarily affecting the elderly. The increasing incidence of AD is driven by factors such as extended life expectancy and improved diagnostic capabilities, leading to a significant public health burden. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a vital process for memory and cognitive function, endures throughout human life but declines in AD patients. This decline may be a relevant factor contributing to memory deficits in AD, offering therapeutic potential. Hence, there is a pressing need for innovative therapeutic approaches to alleviate these adverse effects and address cognitive decline in individuals with AD.

Methods: Systematic-narrative hybrid literature review by searching PubMed databases for articles published during 2013–2023. The MeSH terms ``Alzheimer disease” AND “adult hippocampal neurogenesis” OR “adult neurogenesis” AND “physical exercise” OR “physical activity” OR “melatonin” OR “cannabidiol” were used. This literature review adhered to the SANRA guideline, a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles.

Results: Preliminary results suggest that melatonin holds promise in protecting against neuronal damage, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing neurogenesis rates, all of which are implicated in the pathology of AD. Physical exercise has been associated with improved cognitive function and a reduced risk of AD development, potentially by promoting neuroplasticity and augmenting adult hippocampal neurogenesis to support brain health. Additionally, Cannabidiol has garnered attention for its potential neuroprotective properties and anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusion : Considering the high prevalence of AD and the lack of a cure, alternative approaches targeting hippocampal neuroplasticity, such as melatonin and Cannabidiol, have become essential. It is important to emphasise that these conclusions are based on preliminary data, and further research is necessary for comprehensive validation. As research progresses, these treatments may provide hope for improved management and a better quality of life for those patients